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| Crataeva nurvala; reference | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jul 4 2013, 06:06 PM (5,339 Views) | |
| yass | Jul 4 2013, 06:06 PM Post #1 |
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Crataeva nurvala (family: Capparidaceae) is commonly known as barna and varuna[1]. It is distributed, wild or cultivated, throughout India and tropical regions of the world[2]. Fruits are berry-like, globose or oblong; edible and used as astringent[3]. Fruiting occurs in April-June. Seeds are embedded in yellow pulp. Rind of the fruit is used as a mordant in dyeing[4]. As the fruits of the plant have not been extensively studied for chemical components, the present study was taken up. Source [1] Bhattacharjee SK. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Jaipur (India): Pointer Publishers; 1988. [2] Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. II. Dehradun (India): Bishan Singh Mahendra Paul Singh; 1984. [3] Parker RN. Common Indian plants and how to know them. Jaipur (India): Pointer Publishers; 1999. [4] Dury CH. The useful Plants of India. Dehradun (India): International Book Distributors; 1978. |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 06:13 PM Post #2 |
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Crataeva nurvala: A Valuable Medicinal Plant Abstract Crataeva nurvala Buch. Ham. (Capparaceae) is a high-value medicinal tree that grows almost all over India, especially in the semiarid regions. Medicinal usage has been reported in traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Unani, wherein the plant is frequently preferred in the treatment of urinary disorders that reoccur owing to development of antibiotic resistance by the infecting organism. C. nurvala has also been used in the treatment of prostate enlargement and bladder sensitivity. The plant is known to relieve, prevent, and promote the discharge of kidney stones. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the root bark, has been shown to significantly minimize the deposition of stone-forming constituents in kidneys. Investigations have also indicated the plant has anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, and cardio-protective actions. These multiple uses of C. nurvala along with erratic seed germination, destructive harvesting, and habitat loss from deforestation have endangered survival of the plant. As a result of this endangerment, in India the plant has been categorized as rare or vulnerable in the natural environment, making conservation of this plant crucial. This review briefly examines the biological activities, pharmacological actions, clinical studies, and medicinal applications of C. nurvala to provide direction for further research. Source |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 06:30 PM Post #3 |
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Source Edited by yass, Jul 4 2013, 06:33 PM.
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 06:51 PM Post #4 |
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 Source Edited by yass, Jul 4 2013, 06:52 PM.
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 07:08 PM Post #5 |
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 Source This page came up in my search for Crataeva nurvala only I see Crataeva but I don't see nurvala anywhere, but I do see some beautiful images. (Mostly religiosa and tapia L. hmmm. I see one that says Crataeva Religiosa nurvala... so, maybe it is all one and the same except, perhaps, for the tapia L. ?) http://www.flickriver.com/photos/tags/crataeva/interesting/ |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 07:20 PM Post #6 |
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Crataeva nurvala-Varun tree an introduction English name: Three leaved caper Sanskrit name:Varun Hindi : Barun Tamil name : Marvilingam, Maralingam Telugu: Mangalam , Voolemera  The bark is generally used in ayurvedic medicine.It is quite a common tree in most states of India.It has excellent curative properties for kidney problems , kidney stones ,frequent urination and urgency in urination.It works well for normalising sugar levels in the blood..The leaves tea is used to treat Diabetes,urinary problems and throat disorders.The newer posts will have more information. Source The bark of Varun tree for Urinary problems Urgency in micturition and excess urination problem are very bothersome diseases to say the least. The bark of Varun tree is cut up into pieces and a strong tea is made from it.Drinking this tea will solve most urinary troubles .It reduces the urinary tract infection symptoms and solves the frequent urination problem. The creatinine levels are normalised when the tea is taken regularly 2 times a day. This decoction is also known to control the blood sugar levels in the blood. Source Varun tree leaves - As a blood purifier Some people in remote areas in India cook the leaves of this tree and eat it with their regular food for 2 days when the spring season just begins. This prevents any blood related problems in that person for a year because Varun tree is known to have blood purifying properties. Source Varun tree help for all types of skin rash and itching (the previous posts have more info.) The leaves of the tree are washed well and boiled in a cup of water.This decoction is filtered and cooled.Drinking this tea will relieve a person from most types of skin rashes and itching and burning of the skin. The leaves used may be fresh or dried.3 gms of the leaves is the ideal amount used. Source Edited by yass, Jul 4 2013, 07:26 PM.
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 07:48 PM Post #7 |
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Natural Cures for Kidney Stones, Cancer Care Crataeva nurvala is a medicinal herb rich in the chemical Lupeol, the subject of recent promising research. Lupeol benefits urinary health, shrinking kidney stones. Crataeva nurvala, known in Indian medicine as Varuna, is a small tree which grows wild along river banks throughout the Indian subcontinent, where it is also widely cultivated. The stem and root bark of this plant are the parts most often used medicinally. Crataeva has been used for centuries in eastern herbal traditions to treat a variety of health disorders. It is especially valued for its therapeutic effect on the urinary organs. Crataeva’s active ingredient is believed to be Lupeol, a powerful alkaloid that has received much attention in recent years for its potential in fighting cancer. Lupeol is also widely used to treat urinary disorders, including kidney stones. Laboratory research has verified Lupeol’s capacity to prevent the formation of kidney stones, apparently by lowering excess concentrations of oxalate, phosphorus and magnesium in renal tissue. An herbal preparation combining Crataeva with three other herbs is used traditionally in India to treat inflammation of the liver, which often leads to impaired urinary function. Read more |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 08:07 PM Post #8 |
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Crataeva (Crataeva nurvala) History In Ayurveda, the bark of the Crataeva has been traditionally used to heal kidney stones for more than 3,000 years. Findings of several studies undertaken by contemporary scientists have authenticated that the herb neutralizes the enzyme called glycolate oxidase and this particular effect of the herb lessens the production of oxalates by the body. It may be mentioned here that the oxalates combine with calcium to develop into kidney stones. Another chemical enclosed by Crataeva, lupeol, helps to lower the intensity of several laboratory indicators of kidney damage. Presently, herbal medicine practitioners primarily use Crataeva to treat kidney and prostate problems. The bark of the tree is particularly used to treat infections of the urinary tract, kidney stones as well as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Researches undertaken by scientists have demonstrated that this particular herb’s actions support the cardiovascular system by properly maintaining the suppleness as well as openness of the arteries. In addition, it is believed that Crataeva has beneficial uses either as an effective diuretic or a herb that slows down or hinders the formation of stones inside the organs. Both the barks as well as the leaves of the tree are extensively utilized for preparing herbal medications. Moreover, Crataeva possesses diuretic, anti-inflammatory, demulcent (soothing or mollifying), lithontriptic (stone dissolving or destroying in the organs) and tonic (stimulant) properties. The bark of this tree generates ceryl alcohol, lupeol, friedelin, diosgenin and betulinic acid. Properties Antilithic, bladder tonic, arti-inflammatory Synopsis
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Traditional Usage Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH): Crataeva has been extensively used to alleviate problems in urination owing to swelling of the prostate. This action of the herb is usually attributed to the chemical lupeol enclosed by the tree. In effect, lupeol is said to neutralize the enzymes responsible for manufacturing leukotrienes that bring on inflammation. Kidney Stones: The herb is also effective for treating conditions of the urinary organs, infections of the urinary tract, pain and burning micturition (urination), renal and vesical calculi (bladder stones). Crataeva is available in several varieties and may also be used as an ingredient in other remedial products. However, if you desire to use Crataeva to treat any of the conditions mentioned above, it is advisable to talk to your healthcare provider regarding the treatment of your precise health problems. Source |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 08:19 PM Post #9 |
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VARUNA (Crataeva Nurvala) Varuna is one of the best litholytic herbs and has been used throughout the ages for the treatment of urolithiasis and crystalluria. Varuna is mentioned in vedic literature, its therapeutic use being known to ancient Ayurvedic physicians, especially as a blood purifier, to maintain homeostasis. The plant has various synonyms in Ayurvedic scriptures delineating its peculiarities viz. triparna-trifoliate, bilvapatra- leaves resemble to those of bilva (Aegle marmelos). Vrttaphala – fruits, ovoid berries, asmari-ghna- litholytic, tikta- bitter etc. Maharsi Susruta has mentioned varuna as a litholytic agent in treating kapha and vata varieties of asmari (calculi). The plant grows throughout India, especially along the streams and river banks. It is found in abundance, in Kerela, Madhya Pradesh, Bengal and Assam. A medium sized, deciduous, much branched tree grows up to 7-9 meters in height. The bark is grayish, smooth, vertically cracked. The leaves trifoliate, 8-12 cm long, with oval leaflets. The flowers are greenish white, 5-8 cm in diameter, polygamous and fragrant. The fruits, ovoid berries, 2.5 cm in diameter, red when ripe. The plant flowers in March and fruits in June. Kapha and vata doshas but aggravates the pitta dosha. It possesses light and dry attributes. It is an appetizer, febrifuge, diuretic and litholytic in properties. It is used in diseases like urinary disorders, urinary calculi, blood disorders, worms and tumors. (Bhavaprakasa Nighantu) Uses The skin, roots and leaves of varuna have great medicinal value. The plant is used internally as well as externally. Externally, the paste or its leaves or skin of bark is applied in cervical adenitis, abscess and edematous wounds. The same paste is salutary in rheumatic joint for relief of pain. The pulp of leaves is applied on abdomen in splenic enlargement, with great benefit. Internally, varuna is used in vast range of diseases. The decoction of leaves given along with ghee relieves flatulence and abdominal pain. It also works well as a laxative, cholegogue, appetizer and vermicide, hence useful in anorexia, tumors, liver disorders, flatulent dyspepsia and helminthiasis. The decoction of skin of varuna and kancanara (Bauhinia variegata) is given along with honey in abscesses for the potent anti inflammatory action. The decoction of skin of varuna alone is used as blood purifier in gout, internal abscess, adenitis etc. It also works well to reduce body fats in obesity. The leaves cooked as vegetables are also benevolent in obesity. Varuna has the cardinal properties as litholytic, diuretic and urinary antiseptic. The decoction of bark skin or roots in beneficial in urinary calculi, dysuria and cystitis. The combination of Varuna, sunthi, goksura in decoction, is give along with jaggery and yavakhara. Another combination – Varuna, apamarga, punarnava, yastimadhu, goksura and yavaksara is also commonly used in urinary dalculi, dysuria and cystitis. The decoction of leaves effectively alleviates the fever and associated delirium. Varuna is commonly used as a bitter tonic. The fresh juice of leaves is useful as a tonic. In enlarged prostate, strangury and urinary tract infections the decoction of its bark is rewarding. Varuna is used as a cholegogue, anthelmintic and anti- amoebic in both intestinal and hepatic infestations. Its action as an anti inflammatory agent is beneficial in deep seated suppurative inflammations, in small joints, diseases and in osteomyelitis. Source |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 08:53 PM Post #10 |
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Agri.Dept.2000 lists only 3 species of Crataeva, and does not list C. nurvala • Crataeva hygrophila -- Capparidaceae -- {ré-ka.tak} 49-1305 • Crataeva religiosa -- Capparidaceae -- {hkan°tak} 12-0308 • Crataeva religiosa -- Capparidaceae -- {ka.tak} {hka.tak} {koan:ka.tak} 01-0025 According to KS-TMN, "Kone-kadet" obviously transcribed from / {koan:hkan°tak}/{koan:ka.tak} is C. nurvala , MMPDB has to disregard it, and has to apply {hkan°tak} to both C. nurvala and Crataeva religiosa . Read more/images |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 08:56 PM Post #11 |
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http://plantgenera.org/taxa.php?id_taxon=1993 or http://plantillustrations.org/taxa.php?taxon=Crateva groups by genus |
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| yass | Jul 4 2013, 10:12 PM Post #12 |
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sleepy http://iu.ff.cuni.cz/pandanus/database/details.php?id=1593 http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbfinder/crataeva-nurvala.htm http://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/varuna-herbs.html |
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| yass | Aug 1 2013, 02:06 AM Post #13 |
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QUESTION: I have a question regarding the herb Fo-ti. My mother was diagnosed with kidney cancer about 5 years ago, and when she went into surgery, they found they had to remove the entire kidney. So, needless to say, she functions with only one; however, the remaining kidney never took over for the absent kidney (as we were advised would happen within weeks), and it functions at only around 65%. She does have some narrowing of the urethra as well, which her doctor attributes to NSAIDs. I listen to The Barefoot Doctor (Stephen Russell) on Hay House Radio (hayhouseradio.com), and every so often he has a holistic dr. on the show. He mentioned Fo-ti for strengthening the kidney, helping to remove toxins from the body and cleansing. I did a little of my own research, and found that it is also being looked at as a hopeful medicine for lowering cholesterol and treating hypoglycemia. This is why I’m interested in Fo-ti for my mother. If it has any hope of helping strengthen her remaining kidney, I’ll give it to her, and the rest of the things it might do would just be added bonus; however, with the background I’ve presented, I want to make sure it’s safe for her to take. Thank you for your help. ANSWER: I honor your dedication to your mother. She is lucky to have you acting as her advocate. Fo ti, Polygonum multiflorum, is a vine that grows well in many habitats. I have it twining around the gazebo surrounding my outdoor hot tub. It is the root that is used. The thing is, is it used for what in Asian systems of medicine is called kidney function but really refers to how the body handles water in different tissues and organs including the kidneys. It builds blood, but that refers to quality not volume, and it does lower serum cholesterol. We really think of fo ti as an adaptogen, or herb to help us adapt to long term stress. It might be useful for your mother, but to improve the function of her remaining kidney I suggest you consider an herb from the Ayurvedic tradition of India, called Crataeva nurvala. This is not to be confused with the herb of North America, Europe, and Asia, Crataegus oxyacantha or other Crataegus species, often used for cardiovascular and digestive benefits. The conservative dose of Crataeva is 2 grams two times a day, but with your mother's history, less is more. Start at half doses for a week, see how she gets along on that, inform her doctors she is trying an herb for kidney function, and if all is well, increase to full dose and continue to monitor all her vital functions. There is good safety data but as far as I know, none for people with your mother's exact history. Investigate, gather all the best data, and make sure you buy whichever herb for kidney health that you choose from a reputable herb dealer. http://www.herbnet.com/ask%20the%20herbalist/asktheherbalist_specifics.htm |
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| yass | Mar 22 2014, 09:28 PM Post #14 |
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[note - for pdf: * Access Denied You cannot access the full text (or download the PDF) of this protocol. This protocol has not been subscribed for by your institute. Abstract is displayed instead] 5. Large-scale In Vitro Multiplication of Crataeva nurvala Conservation and propagation of species using biotechnologic tools—such as plant tissue culture—are relevant when natural propagation is hampered for various reasons. In vitro techniques allow mass multiplication and propagation under pathogen-free conditions but also override dependence on season for availability of plant material. Moreover, in vitro genetic manipulation of a species, invariably, requires a prestandardized tissue culture protocol for its multiplication. To fulfill these requirements, efficient, cyclic, two-step protocols for micropropagation of the medicinal tree—Crataeva nurvala—employing juvenile explants and those from mature trees, were developed. Both protocols can be employed at commercial scale. The seedling-derived explants (e.g., cotyledonary nodes, epicotyl nodes, hypocotyl segments, first pair of leaves, cotyledons, and root segments) developed shoots on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) or the same supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The epicotyl and cotyledonary nodal explants developed shoots on MS basal medium. Other explants exhibited caulogenesis on BAP (0–2.0 mg/L) adjuvated media. The explants from in vitro regenerated shoots too exhibited a similar caulogenic capability. Nodal explants from a 30-yr-old-tree, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP, produced multiple shoots which elongated satisfactorily on the same medium. Similar to the microshoots developed from the seedling derived explants, nodal and leaf explants from the microshoots regenerated from the mature explants too developed shoots, thus making the process recurrent. Due to the recurrent nature of the protocol, over 5400 shoots may be produced from a single nodal explant of an adult tree over a period of six months. The addition of casein hydrolysate significantly increased the average number of shoots per explant. The regenerated shoots could be rooted on the medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/L or 0.1 mg/L NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transplanted to soil. http://www.springerprotocols.com/Pdf/doi/10.1007/978-1-60327-287-2_5?encCode=VEhQOjVfMi03ODItNzIzMDYtMS04Nzk=&tokenString=J7i3ziazs9HDrPoENC+syw==&access=denied |
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| yass | Mar 22 2014, 09:53 PM Post #15 |
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Crataeva nurvala: A valuable medicinal plant Bopana N and Saxena S , 2008 Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, Vol 14 (1-2): 107-127 Crataeva nurvala Buch. Ham. (Capparaceae) is a high-value medicinal tree that grows almost all over India, especially in the semiarid regions. Medicinal usage has been reported in traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Unani, wherein the plant is frequently preferred in the treatment of urinary disorders that reoccur owing to development of antibiotic resistance by the infecting organism. C. nurvala has also been used in the treatment of prostate enlargement and bladder sensitivity. The plant is known to relieve, prevent, and promote the discharge of kidney stones. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the root bark, has been shown to significantly minimize the deposition of stone-forming constituents in kidneys. Investigations have also indicated the plant has anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, and cardio-protective actions. These multiple uses of C. nurvala along with erratic seed germination, destructive harvesting, and habitat loss from deforestation have endangered survival of the plant. As a result of this endangerment, in India the plant has been categorized as rare or vulnerable in the natural environment, making conservation of this plant crucial. This review briefly examines the biological activities, pharmacological actions, clinical studies, and medicinal applications of C. nurvala to provide direction for further research. http://www.teriin.org/index.php?option=com_publication&task=details&sid=889 |
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8:44 AM Jul 13