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SURFACE WAVE RADAR; Shore-based 24/7 EEZ surveillance
Topic Started: Jun 23 2005, 06:07 AM (1,464 Views)
possible
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Economic crimes are possibly the major cause of revenue loss which unjustly deprives Filipinos of much-needed funds for basic services and national development. Many of these crimes occur across our vast marine waters, such as smuggling, poaching/illegal fishing by foreign fishing vessels and piracy. The traditional solution is sea and air patrols but, even assuming the Navy and Coast Guard receive modernization, these are time-consuming, expensive, and inefficient or, worse, ineffective since too often a ship or plane may be somewhere other than where it's needed.

A better response would be a comprehensive coastal surveillance system, which detects suspicious activity and passes on this information in a timely manner to sea, air and ground-based assets which then react rapidly to obtain positive confirmation of the threat and, once this is received, deals with it decisively. Aside from the savings gained from reduced patrols, this solution offers other benefits such as:

1. Smaller, less-expensive to run ships can be used since emphasis is on speed not endurance (which drives ship size).

2. Fewer ships and planes are needed, especially if alternative technology is employed for positive confirmation (such as small, low-cost maritime UAVs).

3. Sailors are freed up for other productive work, such as building schools or delivering medical services to remote or neglected areas, conducting valuable research into the state of the country’s marine resources, and of course cooperating with the Army and Air Force in dealing with other threats to national security.

4. Such a system benefits the public in other ways, for example monitoring ship traffic to prevent maritime accidents, providing better warning of approaching typhoons, and aiding in SAR and disaster response operations.

Since the rationale is to put a halt to lost revenue and save money over traditional methods, the system must be cost-effective, as in offer the best performance for the least investment. Unfortunately, conventional surveillance radars are not only expensive to acquire, operate and maintain, they also suffer from restricted coverage because of the limitations of their basic design.

Fortunately, emerging technology is offering an alternative

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HFSWR (High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar) is a rapidly-deployed, low-cost system designed to detect and track ships and low-flying aircraft to beyond the 200 nautical mile limit.

Fulfilling a Critical Need

Raytheon and the DoD’s CTDPO (Counterdrug Technology Development Program Office) recently began demonstrating Raytheon’s new technology HFSWR (High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar) for reliable detection of small maritime vessels and low-flying aircraft in support of a critical mission need to protect the littoral waters of the United States against narcotic traffickers or other trans-national threats.

Low-Cost, All-Weather, Beyond Line-of-Sight

Raytheon’s HFSWR is a promising new technology for low-cost, all-weather, accurate and reliable surveillance of surface vessels and low-flying aircraft well in excess of the visible horizon. HF surface wave radars are ideally suited to surveillance of the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone). The technology offers highly autonomous 24-hour-per-day, 7-day-per-week operation with one of the lowest operating costs per unit coverage area of all other radar types. The transportable HFSWR radar system can be assembled and operational in under 2 days. The implementation is highly modular and can be readily integrated with existing surveillance assets from either land or sea.

http://www.raytheon.com

APPENDIX XIII p. 103

Comparison of the Cost of Satellite Surveillance, Aerial Surveillance, and Ground-Based Radar Surveillance

AERIAL SURVEILLANCE 

Aircraft would cost $12,000 CDN per day, per surveillance area ($4,380,000 a year).  They can travel to and cover an area relatively quickly, and have the added benefit of being able to conduct a more intensive surveillance than radar stations or satellites.  However, the endurance of aircraft is limited, and it is possible for a large object to be missed during a pass.

HIGH-FREQUENCY SURFACE WAVE RADAR 

Radar stations would cost about $3,500 per day, per surveillance area ($1,246,000 a year).  Stations can provide continuous coverage of a large area.  According to DND, they have a nominal range starting at 35 nautical miles from the site that extends out to 150-200 nautical miles, with an azimuth range of 120 degrees.  The major weakness of this system is high-frequency signal clutter, which can mar signals from true targets.

http://www.parl.gc.ca (PDF!)

http://www.ottawa.drdc-rddc.gc.ca

http://www.daronmont.com.au

Worth looking into…:crawling:


War. What is it good for?--James Brown

What's love got to do with it?--Tina Turner

Only the intelligent are brave.
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flipzi
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These equipments will do us a lot.

How much?
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fieldmouse
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just the right equipment for the coast watch stations discussed in another thread, if we can afford it.
the mouse assault
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flipzi
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The DND can easily defend the procurement of this equipments because this will definitely boost our effort to curb smuggling.

If the Coast Guard was able to get the the Tennix ships because of the economic considerations, then the Navy should also get these equipments.

Smugglers frequently use the shores in Ilocos to bring in big bikes and other highly-taxable goods.

It's one of the factors that kill our local industry.
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possible
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flipzi
Jun 23 2005, 12:40 PM
These equipments will do us a lot.

How much?

according to these guys

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Surface-wave radar installations cost about $5 million each to build and less than $200,000 a year to operate.

http://www.marinetalk.com

but that's for one manufacturer. because HFSWR is modular (ranging from huge coastal sites to compact systems transportable in a single vehicle) i assume price varies with the buyer's requirements. also, since competing HFSWR technologies are on offer, each claiming better performance, some companies would put a premium on their product over others.

i agree, this investment would not be difficult to defend if ever. but as always the merits are for the real decision-makers to examine.


War. What is it good for?--James Brown

What's love got to do with it?--Tina Turner

Only the intelligent are brave.
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flipzi
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$5 million?

Reasonable enough for our budget.

3 of these will really do good for our economy.

1 for Ilocos, 1 for Cagayan and another for eastern coast of Mindanao.

3 more to guard the eastern coast will do great for our local economy, considering the complete elimination of smuggling.
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" People don't care what we know until they know we care. "


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$5 million is around P130 million. according to these guys

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Local producers lose P707B a year from smuggling, industry group says

THE Federation of Philippines Industries, a member of the multi-sectoral group Fair Trade Alliance, has disclosed that Filipino producers are losing P544 billion to outright smuggling annually.

The figure, according to the group, is on top of the P163 billion that technical smuggling is depriving the local manufacturers and farmers each year.

Former senator Wigberto Tañada, who now heads FTA as convenor, challenged the government to give the campaign against smuggling a face by arresting big-time smugglers and their coddlers in government.

At the same time, Tanada cited the need for Congress to enact a law declaring smuggling as a heinous crime.

http://www.manilatimes.net

pics of actual HF surface wave radars

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http://www.zentechnical.com

just rows and rows of antennae. the main issue with this type of HFSWR is the space needed to set up those arrays (up to one kilometer long!) and the cost of so many aluminum poles. the proponents of this technology counter by pointing-out that their product is still much cheaper than all other radars of similar performance (the existing alternative starts at $100 million) and that those flimsy-looking poles are actually more typhoon-resistant (the site shown above is usually left unmanned).

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http://hf.met.no

not yet the competition, but getting there: as stated earlier (PDF!), there is a competing technology within the HFSWR field, main attraction is compactness and lower cost (under $1 million), but still in the experimental stage. the pic above is an earlier product from the same company, but not meant for ship detection. still, this gives an idea of the projected coastal surveillance model's dimensions.


War. What is it good for?--James Brown

What's love got to do with it?--Tina Turner

Only the intelligent are brave.
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